What is Access Control System

Access Control refers to the process of regulating who can access specific resources (such as physical locations, systems, or information) and what actions they can perform on those resources. It is a critical security measure used in both physical and digital environments to ensure that only authorized individuals can enter secure areas or use sensitive systems, while preventing unauthorized access.

Access control systems are typically implemented in a variety of settings, including office buildings, data centers, cloud computing environments, and online platforms. The goal of access control is to protect sensitive assets and maintain safety, confidentiality, integrity, and accountability.

Types of Access Control

Access control can be classified into several types based on how access is granted and managed:

  1. Physical Access Control
    • Physical access control systems restrict access to buildings, rooms, or specific areas within a facility. This is achieved using devices such as door locks, card readers, biometric systems, and security personnel.
  2. Logical Access Control
    • Logical access control applies to computer systems and networks. It involves controlling user access to digital resources like applications, data, and systems. Examples include passwords, authentication mechanisms, encryption, and user roles.

Key Principles of Access Control

Access control is generally based on three core principles:

  1. Authentication

    • The process of verifying the identity of a user or system requesting access. This can be done through various means, such as passwords, PIN codes, biometric data (fingerprints, retina scans), smart cards, or other forms of identification.

  2. Authorization

    • After authentication, authorization determines what actions the authenticated user can perform and what resources they can access. This is typically defined by the permissions or roles assigned to the user.

  3. Audit

    • Audit refers to tracking and recording access events for accountability and monitoring purposes. This is often done by generating access logs that detail who accessed what resource, when, and what actions were performed.

Access Control Models

  1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

    • In DAC, the owner of the resource (e.g., a file, document, or door) has control over who can access it. The owner can grant or revoke permissions to others. It’s often considered more flexible but can be less secure.

  2. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

    • MAC uses predefined policies to determine access permissions based on security classifications (e.g., public, confidential, or top secret). It is often used in highly secure environments like government or military systems, where access decisions are not left to the resource owner.

  3. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

    • In RBAC, access is granted based on the user’s role within an organization (e.g., manager, employee, administrator). Each role has a set of permissions, and users are assigned roles based on their job functions.

  4. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

    • ABAC uses attributes (e.g., user attributes, resource attributes, environmental conditions) to make access control decisions. This model is highly flexible and dynamic.

Components of Access Control Systems

  • Access Control Devices: Readers, biometric scanners, keypads, and mobile devices.
  • Access Control Software: Manages permissions, authentication, and auditing processes.
  • Locks and Barriers: Physical devices (electronic locks, gates, etc.) that prevent unauthorized entry.
  • Communication Infrastructure: Networks and cables that link components like controllers, readers, and databases.
  • User Credentials: The means of identification (cards, PINs, fingerprints, etc.) used to authenticate users.

Examples of Access Control

  • Building Access Control: Using keycards or biometric systems to restrict entry to sensitive areas within a building.
  • Network Access Control: Restricting users’ access to a computer network or specific data through login credentials and permissions.
  • Application Access Control: Managing user roles and permissions in software applications to control who can view, modify, or delete certain information.

In summary, access control is about ensuring that only the right people can access specific resources, based on their identity and authorization level, and tracking such access for security and compliance purposes.

 

 

What is Door Access Control System
Door Access control system is design to adopt digital technology combine electro-magnetic lock or integrate with auto sliding, swing gate to prevent unauthorize access into premises or building facilities. Surely, door access system ensure only authorized personnel are entering your building while keeping unauthorized personnel out. Ultimately, it can secure the places efficiently in avoiding trespassing, vandalism, and other criminal activity at your business.

Furthermore, door access control systems simplify entry to your workplace, building and premise. Employees just use their face, finger, card, mobile app, keyfob or PIN code to verify their identity and get permission to access into workplace. Staff no longer have to carry keys or unlock doors the old-fashioned way.

 

Access Control System Brand

There are several well-known brands that manufacture and provide Access Control Systems (ACS). These brands offer a range of solutions, from basic door entry systems to complex multi-site networked systems. Some popular access control system brands include:

1. Honeywell

  • Overview: Honeywell is a major player in the security industry, offering a variety of access control systems for both commercial and residential properties.
  • Products: Honeywell’s solutions include hardware (readers, controllers), software (enterprise management), and integrated solutions that combine access control with video surveillance.
  • Notable Systems: Pro-Watch, Vista, NetAXS.

2. Schlage (Allegion)

  • Overview: Schlage is known for its high-quality mechanical and electronic locks, as well as complete access control systems.
  • Products: Schlage offers a range of access control solutions, from basic keypad locks to advanced integrated systems.
  • Notable Systems: Schlage Control Smart Locks, Engage™ (for cloud-based solutions).

3. Assa Abloy

  • Overview: Assa Abloy is a global leader in access control and security solutions, offering everything from mechanical locks to electronic access control systems.
  • Products: Their portfolio includes solutions for both physical and logical access control, including smart locks and biometrics.
  • Notable Systems: Aperio, Smartair, Assa Abloy Access Control.

4. Axis Communications

  • Overview: Axis is primarily known for its network-based video surveillance equipment, but they also offer integrated access control systems.
  • Products: Axis provides open architecture-based access control solutions that integrate well with video surveillance and other security systems.
  • Notable Systems: Axis A1001 Network Door Controller, AXIS Entry Manager.

5. LenelS2

  • Overview: A leader in advanced security and access control solutions, LenelS2 is known for scalable, enterprise-level systems.
  • Products: LenelS2 offers both physical and cloud-based access control solutions for small businesses to large enterprises.
  • Notable Systems: OnGuard, S2 NetBox, S2 Access.

6. Bosch Security Systems

  • Overview: Bosch is renowned for its security and surveillance solutions, and they also provide robust access control systems.
  • Products: Bosch offers integrated access control solutions that work seamlessly with their video surveillance systems and alarms.
  • Notable Systems: Bosch Access Control, Bosch Security Systems (for video + access control).

7. Paxton Access

  • Overview: Paxton provides scalable and easy-to-use access control systems that are popular for both small and large-scale installations.
  • Products: Paxton specializes in cloud-based and networked access control solutions with flexible scalability.
  • Notable Systems: Net2, Paxton10 (Cloud-based), Paxton Switch2.

8. Kantech (Tyco Security Products)

  • Overview: Kantech is a part of Tyco Security Products and offers both traditional and cloud-based access control systems.
  • Products: Kantech specializes in user-friendly solutions with a focus on managing large, complex systems efficiently.
  • Notable Systems: EntraPass, KT-1, KT-400.

9. Gallagher

  • Overview: Gallagher offers high-end, enterprise-level access control systems with a focus on security and flexibility.
  • Products: Gallagher’s systems are scalable and designed for a wide range of applications, from corporate offices to large industrial sites.
  • Notable Systems: Command Centre, Security Management Systems.

10. Brivo

  • Overview: Brivo provides cloud-based access control solutions, specializing in ease of use, scalability, and integration with other security systems.
  • Products: Brivo’s systems are ideal for businesses looking for remote management of access control.
  • Notable Systems: Brivo Onair, Brivo Mobile Pass, Brivo Access Control.

11.  HID Global

  • Overview: HID Global is one of the leading providers of access control systems, specializing in identification and credentialing solutions.
  • Products: HID Global offers card-based, biometric, and mobile-based access control solutions.
  • Notable Systems: HID VertX, HID Mobile Access, HID Edge.

12. RFID Solutions (ZKTeco)

  • Overview: ZKTeco is a prominent provider of RFID and biometric access control systems.
  • Products: ZKTeco offers solutions that include biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition) as well as RFID-based systems.
  • Notable Systems: ZKAccess, BioTime, iClock (for time and attendance and access control).

13. Stanley Security

  • Overview: Stanley provides integrated security solutions that include access control, video surveillance, and monitoring services.
  • Products: They offer both cloud-based and traditional access control systems for various business needs.
  • Notable Systems: Stanley Access Solutions, Access Control as a Service.

14. Suprema

  • Overview: Suprema specializes in biometric access control systems, offering fingerprint, facial recognition, and card-based solutions.
  • Products: Suprema’s systems are known for their high accuracy and are commonly used in high-security environments.
  • Notable Systems: BioStar 2, FaceStation, Xpass.

15. Xentry

  • Overview: Xentry provides access control solutions specifically designed for smaller to medium-sized businesses, with a focus on simplicity and affordability.
  • Products: Xentry offers both hardware and software solutions for physical access management.
  • Notable Systems: Xentry Access Control Solutions.

Factors to Consider When Choosing an Access Control System Brand:

  • Scalability: Some systems are designed for small installations, while others are scalable for larger, multi-site enterprises.
  • Security Features: Depending on your needs, biometric systems (fingerprints, facial recognition) might provide higher levels of security.
  • Cloud Integration: Cloud-based systems enable remote management and monitoring, making them convenient for businesses with multiple locations.
  • Ease of Use: User-friendly interfaces and simple system management can be important for smaller businesses.
  • Support and Maintenance: Look for brands that offer good customer support, training, and reliable maintenance services.

The best Access Control System brand for your needs will depend on factors like the scale of your operation, security requirements, budget, and ease of system integration.

Access Control System INDIA Brand

In India, several brands offer Access Control Systems, ranging from local companies to international brands that have a strong presence in the Indian market. These systems cater to different security needs, from small businesses to large enterprises, with features such as biometrics, card-based access, and cloud-based solutions.

Here are some notable Indian brands and international brands with a significant presence in India:

1. ZKTeco India

  • Overview: ZKTeco is one of the leading brands in India for biometric and RFID-based access control systems. Known for its innovative solutions, ZKTeco offers fingerprint and facial recognition systems, as well as card-based access systems.
  • Products: Fingerprint readers, facial recognition devices, RFID-based access control systems, time and attendance solutions, etc.
  • Notable Systems: ZKAccess, BioTime, iClock (for time and attendance and access control).
  • Website: ZKTeco India

2. Matrix Comsec

  • Overview: Matrix is a well-established Indian brand that specializes in security and surveillance solutions, including access control systems. The company focuses on providing scalable and integrated access control systems, suitable for both small and large enterprises.
  • Products: Biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition), card-based systems, video door phones, and time and attendance solutions.
  • Notable Systems: COSEC (biometric and card-based access), COSEC DOOR FOT (facial recognition).
  • Website: Matrix Comsec

3. Mantra Softech

  • Overview: Mantra Softech offers a range of biometric and RFID-based access control systems in India. Known for providing cost-effective solutions, Mantra specializes in fingerprint recognition, card-based systems, and time & attendance management.
  • Products: Fingerprint readers, facial recognition, RFID card readers, and time attendance systems.
  • Notable Systems: Mantra Biometric Access Control, Mantra Time Attendance System.
  • Website: Mantra Softech

4. Secureye

  • Overview: Secureye is an Indian security solutions company that offers a range of access control, CCTV, and home security products. The company is known for providing robust and affordable solutions tailored to the Indian market.
  • Products: Biometric systems, card readers, face recognition systems, time and attendance management.
  • Notable Systems: Secureye Biometric Access Control.
  • Website: Secureye

5. MCT (Microsec Technologies)

  • Overview: Microsec Technologies provides advanced security solutions, including access control systems, biometrics, and time & attendance solutions. Their focus is on offering integrated systems with a high level of security.
  • Products: Biometric access control systems, card-based systems, time attendance systems, and surveillance solutions.
  • Notable Systems: MCT Biometric Access Control, MCT Time and Attendance.
  • Website: MCT Technologies

6. GROVE Networks

  • Overview: Grove Networks provides biometric and RFID-based access control systems with a focus on integrating access control with time & attendance and other security systems. Their systems are used in various industries such as manufacturing, education, and healthcare.
  • Products: Fingerprint recognition systems, RFID card access, time and attendance systems.
  • Notable Systems: Grove Biometric Access Control, Grove RFID Solutions.
  • Website: GROVE Networks

7. Virdi India

  • Overview: Virdi is a global brand that provides biometric-based access control systems and has a strong presence in India. They specialize in fingerprint and facial recognition-based access systems.
  • Products: Fingerprint recognition systems, face recognition systems, and time and attendance solutions.
  • Notable Systems: Virdi Access Control, Virdi Face Recognition.
  • Website: Virdi

8. CureMD

  • Overview: CureMD is an Indian company that provides security systems for access control, time & attendance, and surveillance. They offer solutions for small businesses as well as large-scale enterprise applications.
  • Products: Biometric systems, RFID access systems, and time attendance devices.
  • Notable Systems: CureMD Biometric Access Control.
  • Website: CureMD

9. Secutech

  • Overview: Secutech provides a variety of security solutions, including advanced access control systems. Their products are used across various sectors, including residential, commercial, and industrial.
  • Products: Biometric access control, card-based systems, time & attendance management, and surveillance.
  • Notable Systems: Secutech Biometric Access Control, Secutech Access Control Systems.
  • Website: Secutech

10. Access Control India

  • Overview: This brand focuses on providing a range of physical security solutions, including access control systems, CCTV, and visitor management solutions. They provide both hardware and software solutions for various needs.
  • Products: Biometric systems, RFID, and card-based access systems.
  • Notable Systems: Access Control India Solutions.
  • Website: Access Control India

Factors to Consider When Choosing an Indian Access Control System:

  • Customization: Indian brands often offer solutions that are tailored to local needs and conditions, such as ease of integration with other systems and local support.
  • Biometric Options: Many Indian brands specialize in biometric access control (fingerprint, facial recognition), which is a common requirement for high-security environments.
  • Scalability: Consider how easily the system can be scaled to accommodate growth, particularly if your organization expands.
  • Integration: Check if the access control system integrates with other security systems like CCTV, alarms, and time & attendance systems.
  • Cost-effectiveness: Local brands may offer more affordable solutions compared to international brands, making them a viable option for businesses with limited budgets.
  • Support and Service: Look for brands that offer reliable customer support and service contracts to ensure smooth operation of the system.

These Indian brands offer a wide variety of access control systems, ranging from entry-level products to enterprise-grade solutions. Depending on the size of your business and security requirements, you can find an access control system that suits your needs.

Types of Door Access Control System

Door Access Control Systems are essential for managing and controlling access to secure areas in buildings or properties. These systems help enhance security by restricting access to authorized individuals while tracking entry and exit. There are various types of access control systems, each designed to meet different security needs. Here are the types of door access control systems:

1. Keypad Access Control System

  • Overview: Users gain access to the secured area by entering a PIN or password on a keypad.
  • Features:
    • Simple to install and use.
    • Can store multiple access codes for different users.
    • Suitable for small to medium-sized businesses or residential areas.
  • Types:
    • Single Code Keypad: A single PIN code for all users.
    • Multiple User Keypad: Different PIN codes for different users.
  • Usage: Common in residential areas, offices, or small businesses.

2. Card-Based Access Control System

  • Overview: Users are granted access by presenting a key card or smart card (e.g., RFID, proximity cards) to a card reader.
  • Features:
    • Quick and efficient access control.
    • Cards can be easily issued and revoked for employees or visitors.
    • Often used with additional features like time-based access and auditing.
  • Types:
    • Proximity Cards: Use radio frequency identification (RFID) to communicate with the reader.
    • Smart Cards: Contain a microchip to store and process data, offering higher security than proximity cards.
    • Magnetic Stripe Cards: Similar to a credit card, where a magnetic stripe stores access data.
  • Usage: Ideal for offices, schools, and commercial buildings.

3. Biometric Access Control System

  • Overview: This system uses a person’s unique biological characteristics (such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans) for identification and access.
  • Features:
    • High security due to the use of unique human traits.
    • Eliminates the need for physical tokens (cards or keys).
    • Can be integrated with other security measures like alarms or CCTV systems.
  • Types:
    • Fingerprint Recognition: Scans and matches a person’s fingerprint to grant access.
    • Facial Recognition: Analyzes facial features and compares them to a stored database.
    • Iris Scan: Uses the unique patterns in a person’s eye for identification.
    • Palm Print: Identifies individuals based on the unique pattern of their palm.
  • Usage: High-security areas such as government buildings, research labs, and financial institutions.

4. Smartphone or Mobile Access Control System

  • Overview: Access is granted through a smartphone app using technologies like Bluetooth, NFC (Near Field Communication), or Wi-Fi.
  • Features:
    • Convenient for users, as they can use their smartphones instead of carrying physical access cards.
    • Can be integrated with other smart building systems and IoT devices.
    • Some systems allow remote access control and monitoring through apps.
  • Types:
    • Bluetooth-based: Unlocks doors when the user’s phone is in proximity to the door.
    • NFC-based: Uses NFC technology to unlock doors by tapping the smartphone on the reader.
    • Wi-Fi-based: Allows remote access control through an internet connection.
  • Usage: Ideal for smart homes, offices, or buildings with high-tech integration.

5. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Access Control System

  • Overview: This system uses RFID technology to grant access to users carrying RFID-enabled cards or key fobs.
  • Features:
    • Allows contactless entry, making it convenient and fast.
    • Cards or fobs can be easily deactivated and replaced if lost.
    • Low-cost option for large-scale installations.
  • Types:
    • Proximity RFID: Uses radio waves to transmit the user’s credentials to the reader.
    • Contact RFID: Requires physical contact between the card and the reader to transmit data.
  • Usage: Common in offices, commercial buildings, hotels, and parking garages.

6. Turnstile or Barrier Access Control System

  • Overview: Often used for high-traffic areas, turnstile systems control access by restricting movement through physical barriers like rotating gates or arms.
  • Features:
    • High-security and high-traffic capability.
    • Can be used in combination with other access control methods like cards, biometrics, or PINs.
    • Can integrate with ticketing systems for events, transportation, or stadiums.
  • Types:
    • Full-Height Turnstile: A rotating barrier that offers maximum security.
    • Half-Height Turnstile: Less secure than full-height but often used in moderate-security environments.
  • Usage: Ideal for public transportation stations, stadiums, amusement parks, and office buildings with high foot traffic.

7. Mechanical Keyed Access Control System

  • Overview: The most traditional form of access control, involving physical keys to unlock doors.
  • Features:
    • Easy to install and cost-effective for smaller areas.
    • Requires physical keys that can be lost, stolen, or copied.
    • No electronic components or infrastructure.
  • Types:
    • Standard Mechanical Locks: Basic locking systems that use keys for access.
    • Master Key Systems: A system where one key can open multiple doors while other keys have access to specific doors.
  • Usage: Common in residential homes, small businesses, or temporary access situations.

8. Fingerprint and PIN Hybrid System

  • Overview: Combines the security of fingerprint recognition with a PIN code for dual-factor authentication.
  • Features:
    • Higher security as it requires both biometric identification and a secret PIN.
    • Often used in high-security areas where extra precautions are needed.
  • Types:
    • Biometric + PIN: Requires both a fingerprint scan and PIN for access.
    • PIN + RFID: Combines a card or fob with a PIN code for entry.
  • Usage: Used in offices, banks, government buildings, or secure areas.

9. Time-Based Access Control System

  • Overview: This system allows or restricts access based on specific times or schedules. It is often integrated into other access control methods, such as keypads or cards.
  • Features:
    • Restricts access during non-working hours or holidays.
    • Can be programmed to automatically lock or unlock at specified times.
    • Useful for managing employee work hours or access to restricted areas.
  • Usage: Common in offices, warehouses, schools, or government buildings.

10. Cloud-Based Access Control System

  • Overview: A modern access control system that is hosted on the cloud, allowing remote management and monitoring of access points via an internet connection.
  • Features:
    • Access can be managed remotely, even from mobile devices.
    • Can be integrated with other security systems like CCTV, alarms, and building management systems.
    • Provides detailed logs and analytics of who accessed specific doors and when.
  • Usage: Ideal for businesses with multiple locations, remote offices, or those looking for scalable, flexible solutions.

11. Video Intercom Access Control System

  • Overview: Integrates an intercom system with access control, allowing users to visually verify visitors before granting access through a door.
  • Features:
    • Combines audio and video communication with door unlocking capabilities.
    • Users can visually confirm the identity of visitors and grant access remotely.
    • Can be integrated with smartphones or digital screens.
  • Usage: Used in residential buildings, offices, gated communities, and commercial properties.

Key Considerations When Choosing an Access Control System:

  • Security Level: Higher-risk areas may require biometric, RFID, or multi-factor systems.
  • Ease of Use: Systems like keypads or smartphone-based solutions offer ease of use and convenience.
  • Scalability: Cloud-based or card-based systems are more flexible for expanding or managing multiple locations.
  • Integration: Consider how the system integrates with other security or building management systems.
  • Budget: Systems vary in price, so choose one that fits your budget while meeting your security needs.

Conclusion:

There are many types of door access control systems, each suited for different security requirements. Whether you need a simple keypad, an advanced biometric system, or a smart cloud-based solution, choosing the right one will depend on the level of security, convenience, and scalability required for your facility or property.

 
 
Types of Door Access Control System:
Smart Home Digital Lock
Smart Hole Digital Lock is commonly apply for home use and it works independently. Normally it’s for single door only. The system not require 230V power supply and using internal Internal replaceable batteries aid lock operation and can be unlocked using a keypad, card or both.

Proximity Card Reader
Proximity card access control system can be seen every where now days and most common door access system for office use. It’s easy to use access control system and easy to manage. The system support different kind of proximity card format such as HID, Mifare and EM. User can choose among this preferences depends on critical concern of security level. Person hold the cards can scan the reader from an inch up to three feet to perform access verification.

 

 

Generally, proximity card reader can be classify into two types:

Controller-based

Door Controller serve more function and features compare to standalone built-in type proximity card reader. Normally the door controller come with multiple door control relay which support multiple door control management and built in with fire alarm module, antipass-back and alarm input/output signal, door sensor and etc. It’s much more secure to handle sabotage and tampering event. Such design lead to energy saving and minimize the cost of laying power and network cable since the controller only require single power and LAN point to operate.

 

Built-in Standalone Reader

Standalone card reader is more cost effective card reader support minimum functions and easy to operate.

Biometric Door Access Systems
Now days, people can use personal characteristics such as face recognition, finger, palm, retina to perform identity verification. System require person to register their face, finger and turn into digitalize with number of unique characteristics point for comparison purpose. Compare to proximity card reader and PIN code, biometric system present to be more reliable in buddy punching issue and abuse of using card access. Furthermore, we can use the authenticated timestamp to serve others applications such as tracking, attendance, payroll, density control, headcount monitoring and etc.

Type of Locks

Door access control systems use secure locking mechanisms to ensure the door is locked. Here are the four type of locks commonly apply in the market:

 

Standalone Smart Lock

Person can unlock from outside using biometric, card or pin code to unlock the door. However, the locks is battery operated. You need to use power bank to plug USB port if the power drain. You can pull the door handle to open the door for exit purpose without digital verification. It’s normally apply for home use

 

Magnetic locks

Magnetic locks are stronger than traditional door locks, and most widely use which adds security to your building. it can be classify into indoor, outdoor and support 300lbs, 600lbs, 800lbs, 1200lbs and etc.

 

Electric strike locks

These locks are slightly less secure than magnetic locks but more secure than stand-alone locks.

 

Electric deadbolts

Electric deadbolts use solenoid, electromagnet or motor, and the choice of fail-safe or fail-secure is available. Fail-safe locks unlock automatically if the power cuts, whereas fail-secure locks will stay locked.

Door Access Control Power Supply and Battery

Door Access Control Power Supply and Battery

Most of door access system use 12V 5A power source and some may use 24V. To ensure the door is secure and smooth operation in avoiding interruption of power failure, 7Ah or 12Ah rechargeable acid battery is use to support from 2 – 4 hours depends on the client requirement.

Exit Button / Sensor / Motion Sensor

Exit Button / Sensor / Motion Sensor

When the door exit doesn’t come with proximity card reader, keypad, biometric terminal, adding an exit system is a must to allow person exit from building.

Exit Push buttons: You can add a toggle exit button to the inside of your door to disengage the lock.

Push bars: This is normally apply for fire exit door by installing a bar on the inside of the door that allows exit by releasing the lock when pushed.

Motion sensors: In some circumstances, motion sensors had been use to automate door open when there’s human approaching the motion sensing area. 

Touch Free Sensor: Due to Covid19, touch free sensor become famous to avoid physical contact and for hygiene purpose.

Component Requierd

A Door Access Control System involves various components that work together to ensure secure and controlled access to a building or restricted areas. Here is a list of the key components required for a typical door access control system:

1. Access Control Panel

  • Overview: The central unit that manages and controls the entire access control system. It processes the information received from the readers and determines if access should be granted or denied.
  • Functions:
    • Manages data from entry devices (cards, keypads, biometrics).
    • Communicates with door hardware (locks, alarms, etc.).
    • Can be networked to manage multiple access points.
  • Usage: Central controller for the system, typically housed in a secure, central location.

2. Access Readers

  • Overview: Devices that read the credentials of a user (e.g., cards, biometric data, PIN codes) to determine if they are authorized for entry.
  • Types:
    • Card Readers: For proximity cards, smart cards, or magnetic stripe cards.
    • Biometric Readers: For fingerprint, iris, facial recognition, or palm print.
    • Keypad Readers: For entering PIN codes or passcodes.
    • Mobile Access Readers: For reading Bluetooth or NFC signals from smartphones.
  • Usage: Installed at the door or entry point to authenticate users based on credentials.

3. Electric Door Lock

  • Overview: The locking mechanism that controls whether the door can be opened. It is typically integrated with the access control system to unlock or lock when the correct credentials are presented.
  • Types:
    • Electric Strike Lock: An electric version of a standard strike plate, which releases the latch when activated.
    • Magnetic Lock (Maglock): Uses electromagnets to hold the door shut until the current is switched off.
    • Electromagnetic Locks: Secure doors by creating a strong magnetic field to hold the door in place.
    • Electric Deadbolt: An electronic deadbolt that can be activated remotely or with a credential.
  • Usage: Used to secure doors, gates, or entryways.

4. Credential/Access Cards or Tokens

  • Overview: Cards, fobs, or key tags that contain the user’s access credentials, such as a proximity card, smart card, or RFID tag. These are presented to the reader for authentication.
  • Types:
    • RFID Cards: Passive cards that communicate with an RFID reader.
    • Smart Cards: Contain a microchip that stores user information securely.
    • Proximity Cards: Use radio frequency to transmit data from the card to the reader.
    • Magnetic Stripe Cards: Store data using a magnetic strip, commonly used in hotel or transit systems.
  • Usage: For granting access to authorized users.

5. Exit Button or Exit Sensor

  • Overview: A component that allows users to exit a door without using a key or card. This is usually mounted on the inside of the door.
  • Types:
    • Exit Button: A simple push-button that unlocks the door when pressed.
    • Exit Sensor: A motion sensor or infrared sensor that detects when someone is exiting and unlocks the door.
  • Usage: Typically used for interior doors or doors where users are leaving the building.

6. Power Supply (PSU)

  • Overview: Provides electrical power to all components of the access control system, such as the lock, reader, and control panel.
  • Functions:
    • Ensures that all devices remain powered continuously.
    • May include battery backup to ensure the system functions during power outages.
  • Usage: Located in a central location to power all connected devices.

7. Door Contacts/Sensors

  • Overview: Sensors that detect whether a door is open or closed. These are important for triggering alerts if a door is left open or tampered with.
  • Types:
    • Magnetic Contact Sensors: Detect if the door has been opened or closed by the separation of two magnetic parts.
    • Tamper Sensors: Trigger an alarm if the door or lock is tampered with.
  • Usage: Installed on the door frame to monitor door status and provide security feedback to the access control system.

8. Door Hardware

  • Overview: The mechanical components that work with the electronic system to secure or unlock the door.
  • Types:
    • Door Handles: Often integrated with electric locks for manual unlocking.
    • Exit Bars (Panic Bars): Ensure easy exit in case of emergency while keeping the door secure.
    • Door Hinges: Heavy-duty hinges to ensure doors operate properly with security hardware.
  • Usage: Ensures the door functions well with the locking mechanism.

9. Alarm or Siren System

  • Overview: Integrated with the access control system to provide alerts in the event of unauthorized access attempts, forced entry, or system malfunctions.
  • Types:
    • Intruder Alarms: Triggered when unauthorized access is detected.
    • Tamper Alarms: Alert when someone tries to tamper with the door or locking mechanism.
  • Usage: Alerts security or property owners to any suspicious activity.

10. Communication Network

  • Overview: The system that connects all the components, allowing them to work together. This includes the network used by the control panel to communicate with readers, locks, and monitoring systems.
  • Types:
    • Wired Network: Traditional method, using cables to connect all components.
    • Wireless Network: Uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other wireless communication protocols for remote or distributed access control.
  • Usage: To ensure seamless communication and data transfer between components of the access control system.

11. Software or Management Platform

  • Overview: Software that allows the system administrator to configure, monitor, and manage the access control system. It provides the interface to create user profiles, schedule access times, and review event logs.
  • Features:
    • User Management: Create, delete, and edit user credentials.
    • Access Scheduling: Set time-based access permissions (e.g., granting access only during work hours).
    • Event Logs: Review logs of user access and security events.
    • Remote Monitoring: Allow administrators to monitor system activity remotely via computers or mobile apps.
  • Usage: Centralized management of the access control system, typically hosted locally or on the cloud.

12. Backup Battery (UPS)

  • Overview: Provides emergency power in case of a power outage, ensuring the system remains functional during emergencies.
  • Functions:
    • Ensures that locks, access control panels, and other critical components remain operational during power interruptions.
  • Usage: Typically used in larger systems or systems that must remain functional 24/7.

13. Visitor Management System

  • Overview: An optional component used in systems where visitor access needs to be tracked and controlled.
  • Features:
    • Allows for pre-registered visitors to access the premises with temporary credentials or badges.
    • Can track the entry/exit of visitors for security purposes.
  • Usage: Common in office buildings, event venues, or businesses where visitors are frequently hosted.

Optional Components:

  • Integration with CCTV: Allows for video surveillance and real-time monitoring of access events.
  • Intercom Systems: Allows communication with visitors before granting access.
  • Time & Attendance System: Tracks employee work hours and integrates with the access control system to monitor access during working hours.

Time and Attendance Systems

A Time and Attendance System is a tool used by businesses and organizations to track employee work hours, attendance, and related activities. These systems help streamline payroll processes, monitor employee productivity, and ensure compliance with labor laws. Time and attendance systems can vary in complexity, ranging from simple manual systems to sophisticated automated solutions that integrate with other business systems.

Here’s an overview of Time and Attendance Systems, their components, features, and types:

Key Components of a Time and Attendance System:

  1. Time Clock/Terminal

    • Overview: A device where employees “clock in” and “clock out” to record their working hours.
    • Types:
      • Biometric Terminals: Fingerprint, facial recognition, or iris scanning.
      • Card Readers: RFID, proximity, or magnetic stripe cards.
      • Keypad or PIN-based Terminals: Employees enter a personal identification number (PIN) or password.
      • Mobile Devices: Employees use smartphones or apps to clock in remotely.
      • Web-based Clocks: Employees can log in through web portals from any device with internet access.

  2. Software/Management Platform

    • Overview: The backend software that collects, processes, and stores time and attendance data. It also allows managers to set policies, view reports, and manage employee records.
    • Key Features:
      • Employee Management: Add or remove employees, manage shifts, and set work hours.
      • Time Tracking: Track when employees clock in/out, breaks, and overtime.
      • Report Generation: Create reports for payroll, absenteeism, tardiness, and overtime.
      • Scheduling: Create and manage employee schedules.
      • Integration: Sync with payroll systems and human resource (HR) software.

  3. Data Storage and Cloud Integration

    • Overview: The data is stored on a server or in the cloud, allowing for secure, remote access and real-time updates.
    • Benefits:
      • Easy access to historical attendance data.
      • Cloud-based solutions allow for remote management and updates.
      • Real-time synchronization of data across multiple locations or departments.

  4. Access Control Integration

    • Overview: Time and attendance systems often integrate with access control systems to monitor not only the time but also where employees are within the building (e.g., specific departments or rooms).
    • Features:
      • Can restrict access to certain areas based on work hours or employee roles.
      • Enables a more secure way of tracking attendance and ensuring employees are working in the correct areas.

  5. Mobile Applications

    • Overview: Many modern systems allow employees to clock in/out using a mobile app, especially for remote workers or field employees.
    • Features:
      • GPS tracking for mobile clock-ins to verify location.
      • Real-time notifications or alerts for employees and managers.
      • Allow employees to request time off, check schedules, or request shifts.

Types of Time and Attendance Systems:

  1. Manual Systems

    • Overview: Employees record their work hours manually using paper timecards or spreadsheets.
    • Features:
      • Simple to use but prone to errors.
      • Time-consuming for managers to calculate payroll manually.
    • Usage: Common in small businesses or businesses with fewer employees.

  2. Clocking Machines (Punch Cards or Time Clocks)

    • Overview: An old-school method where employees “punch” a physical card with the time clock to record in/out times.
    • Types:
      • Punch Card: Employees insert their card into a machine that stamps the date and time.
      • Electronic Time Clocks: More accurate than punch cards and include features like automatic calculations.
    • Usage: Used by businesses that prefer a simple, traditional approach to tracking time.

  3. Biometric Time and Attendance Systems

    • Overview: These systems use unique biological features (fingerprints, facial recognition, or retina scans) to track employee attendance.
    • Features:
      • Highly secure and eliminates the possibility of buddy punching (employees clocking in for one another).
      • Often used in environments where security and accuracy are critical.
    • Usage: Common in large organizations, government buildings, healthcare facilities, and factories.

  4. RFID or Proximity Card-based Systems

    • Overview: Employees are issued RFID cards or proximity badges that are scanned when entering or exiting the building.
    • Features:
      • Quick and easy to use.
      • Can also integrate with physical access control systems to limit entry to certain areas.
    • Usage: Popular in mid to large-sized organizations or offices.

  5. Web-based or Cloud-based Systems

    • Overview: Cloud-based systems allow employees to log in remotely to track their work hours, view schedules, and request time off.
    • Features:
      • Can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
      • Provides real-time data updates and reporting capabilities.
      • Easy to scale for organizations with multiple locations.
    • Usage: Ideal for businesses with remote or distributed teams, or those looking for flexibility and scalability.

  6. Mobile-based Time and Attendance Systems

    • Overview: Mobile apps or web-based apps allow employees to clock in and out from their smartphones, tablets, or laptops.
    • Features:
      • GPS tracking ensures employees are clocking in from the correct location.
      • Real-time syncing with the main timekeeping system.
      • Can allow employees to request leave or see their schedules.
    • Usage: Best for field workers, salespeople, or businesses with remote employees.

  7. Integration with Payroll Systems

    • Overview: Time and attendance data can be automatically synced with payroll systems to simplify the payroll process.
    • Features:
      • Automatic calculation of pay based on time worked, overtime, and holidays.
      • Helps to ensure compliance with labor laws (e.g., calculating overtime, paid leave).
    • Usage: Typically used by medium to large businesses with complex payroll requirements.

Key Features of a Modern Time and Attendance System:

  1. Employee Scheduling: Managers can create and adjust work schedules for employees, ensuring appropriate coverage and reducing scheduling conflicts.
  2. Overtime Management: Automatically tracks overtime hours and ensures employees are paid according to company policy or labor laws.
  3. Absence Management: Employees can request time off, and managers can approve or deny requests based on availability and staffing needs.
  4. Reporting & Analytics: Provides detailed reports on employee hours, attendance trends, absenteeism, tardiness, and overtime, helping to improve workforce management.
  5. Geo-fencing/GPS Tracking: Ensures that remote employees clock in and out at authorized locations, reducing the risk of time fraud.
  6. Employee Self-Service: Allows employees to check their schedules, request leave, and track their hours, reducing administrative workload.
  7. Integration with Other Business Systems: Many systems integrate with HR, payroll, and accounting software for streamlined operations.

Benefits of Time and Attendance Systems:

  1. Improved Accuracy: Automates time tracking and eliminates errors associated with manual entry.
  2. Reduced Time Theft: Helps prevent “buddy punching” or employees falsifying their attendance records.
  3. Compliance: Ensures that the organization complies with labor laws, such as overtime calculations, break policies, and working hours regulations.
  4. Cost Savings: Reduces the need for manual labor in calculating employee hours, which can save time and reduce administrative costs.
  5. Increased Productivity: Allows managers to focus on important tasks rather than manual time tracking and attendance-related issues.
  6. Better Visibility: Provides insights into employee attendance patterns, which can help with workforce planning, staffing, and performance management.

UHF Reader

A UHF Reader (Ultra High Frequency Reader) is a type of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader that operates in the UHF frequency range (typically 860 MHz to 960 MHz) to read and interact with UHF RFID tags. UHF RFID technology is commonly used in applications requiring long-range, high-speed data transmission, such as in access control systems, inventory management, logistics, and asset tracking.

Key Features of a UHF Reader:

  1. Longer Read Range: UHF readers are capable of reading RFID tags from several meters away (typically up to 10 meters or more, depending on the environment and tag type), which makes them suitable for applications where items or people need to be tracked or identified from a distance.

  2. High-Speed Data Transmission: UHF readers can process and transmit data quickly, enabling the scanning of multiple tags in a short amount of time. This is ideal for environments with high-volume transactions, such as warehouses or retail stores.

  3. Wide Coverage Area: UHF readers can scan tags over a wide area, making them suitable for applications like tracking goods in transit, managing large areas, or monitoring several access points simultaneously.

  4. Superior Performance in Harsh Environments: UHF technology generally offers better performance in industrial or challenging environments compared to lower-frequency RFID systems (like LF or HF). It can perform well in environments with high amounts of metal or water, which would interfere with lower-frequency RFID signals.

Types of UHF Readers:

  1. Fixed UHF Readers:

    • These are stationary readers designed for permanent installation at specific locations, such as doorways, gates, or entrances.
    • Applications: Common in access control systems (e.g., controlling entry/exit at secure locations), logistics tracking (e.g., reading RFID tags attached to pallets or containers), and retail inventory management.

  2. Mobile UHF Readers:

    • Handheld devices that allow operators to scan UHF RFID tags manually or as part of a mobile workflow.
    • Applications: Used in field operations like inventory management, asset tracking, and vehicle tracking, as well as in environments where workers need to move around to read tags attached to goods.

  3. Integrated UHF Readers:

    • UHF readers that are built into other devices, such as gate controllers, security systems, or kiosks.
    • Applications: Used in automated processes where a UHF reader is integrated into the overall system, such as in automated toll collection, vehicle identification, or access control gates.

Working Principle of a UHF Reader:

  1. Tag Interaction: UHF readers send out radio frequency (RF) signals to communicate with UHF RFID tags. These tags, when in the proximity of the reader’s antenna, respond by transmitting their stored data (unique identifier and possibly additional information) back to the reader.

  2. Data Processing: Once the reader receives data from a tag, it processes the data and sends it to a connected system (such as a computer, control panel, or database) for further actions. The data might be used for access control, tracking inventory, or managing assets.

  3. Antenna: UHF readers use specialized antennas to send and receive RF signals. The type and positioning of the antenna determine the range and coverage area of the reader. Antennas can be directional or omnidirectional.

Advantages of UHF Readers:

  1. Long Range: UHF readers can read tags from a distance of several meters (up to 10m or more in some cases), making them ideal for situations where the tag needs to be read from a distance without direct line-of-sight, such as tracking vehicles or assets.

  2. Fast and Efficient: UHF RFID technology allows for multiple tags to be read simultaneously (anti-collision), which increases the efficiency of data capture in high-volume scenarios, such as in warehouses or at entry/exit points.

  3. Non-Contact Identification: UHF RFID tags can be read without requiring physical contact between the reader and the tag, which is ideal for environments where items are in motion or difficult to physically reach.

  4. High Data Capacity: UHF tags can store more data than lower-frequency RFID tags, which allows for more detailed tracking or identification.

  5. Durability: UHF RFID tags and readers can be designed to withstand harsh conditions, such as extreme temperatures, moisture, and exposure to chemicals, making them suitable for industrial and outdoor environments.

Applications of UHF Readers:

  1. Access Control:

    • Use Case: UHF readers are used in security systems to control entry to buildings, gates, or restricted areas. Employees or authorized personnel can use UHF RFID-enabled access cards or tags to gain access without physically touching a reader.
    • Example: UHF RFID tags attached to vehicle windshields allow vehicles to pass through security gates without needing to stop or manually swipe a card.

  2. Inventory and Asset Management:

    • Use Case: UHF readers are widely used in supply chain management, warehouses, and retail for tracking goods and assets. The long read range allows for scanning multiple items at once, enhancing operational efficiency.
    • Example: In warehouses, UHF readers can scan pallets of products without needing to manually scan individual items, streamlining inventory checks.

  3. Logistics and Supply Chain:

    • Use Case: UHF RFID technology enables real-time tracking of goods in transit, from manufacturer to distributor to retailer, ensuring accurate and efficient logistics operations.
    • Example: UHF RFID tags can be placed on shipping containers, allowing companies to track their movement and location at various points in the supply chain.

  4. Retail and Point-of-Sale (POS):

    • Use Case: UHF RFID technology is used in retail environments for inventory management, loss prevention, and improving checkout efficiency.
    • Example: In retail, UHF readers are used to scan multiple products simultaneously, speeding up the checkout process and reducing human error.

  5. Vehicle Tracking:

    • Use Case: UHF RFID readers are used to identify and track vehicles in parking lots, toll booths, or fleet management systems.
    • Example: UHF RFID tags placed on vehicles allow automatic identification and tracking as vehicles pass through gates, allowing for efficient toll collection or parking management.

  6. Event and Asset Tracking:

    • Use Case: UHF readers can be used to track the movement of items at large events, exhibitions, or conferences, allowing organizers to track attendee participation, item movements, or booth visits.
    • Example: RFID wristbands or badges allow event staff to track attendee movements, while vendors can track their stock in real-time.

Challenges and Considerations:

  1. Interference: UHF RFID signals may be affected by interference from materials like metal and water, which can absorb or reflect radio waves. This is a significant consideration when deploying UHF readers in industrial environments.

  2. Privacy Concerns: UHF RFID tags can be read from a distance without the knowledge of the person carrying the tag, which raises concerns regarding data privacy. It’s essential to implement security protocols to ensure that sensitive data is protected.

  3. Cost: UHF readers, especially those with longer read ranges and high-speed capabilities, can be more expensive than lower-frequency RFID systems. However, the benefits of increased efficiency and accuracy often justify the cost in large-scale operations.

Door Access Control System Wiring Diagram