Network Protocols & Port No – Saikat Infotech

Network Protocol & Port No

Network protocols are essential rules and standards that govern data exchange across networks, ensuring devices and systems can communicate effectively. Here is a comprehensive list of common network protocols, categorized based on their function or layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model:

1. Application Layer Protocols (Layer 7)

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for web page communication.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): Secure version of HTTP, using SSL/TLS encryption.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between systems.
SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol): Secure version of FTP, typically over SSH.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3): Used for retrieving emails from a mail server.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Another protocol for retrieving emails, but more feature-rich than POP3.
DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names into IP addresses.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Used for network management and monitoring.
TELNET: Used for remote terminal access, though now often replaced by SSH.
SSH (Secure Shell): Secure remote login protocol.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): Used for directory services, such as accessing LDAP databases.
NTP (Network Time Protocol): Synchronizes clocks across devices on a network.
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol): Used to access a remote computer desktop.
XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol): Used for instant messaging and presence information.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): A simple file transfer protocol, typically used for bootstrapping.

2. Transport Layer Protocols (Layer 4)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): A reliable, connection-oriented protocol for transmitting data.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): A connectionless protocol used for faster, less reliable communication.
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol): A transport layer protocol that provides reliable message delivery with multi-homing and multi-streaming support.

3. Network Layer Protocols (Layer 3)

IP (Internet Protocol): Defines addressing and routing for packets between devices.
- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): The most commonly used version of IP, using 32-bit addresses.
- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): The newer version of IP, using 128-bit addresses.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Used for error messages and network diagnostics (e.g., Ping).
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): Resolves MAC addresses to IP addresses (rarely used today).
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): Manages multicast group memberships.

4. Data Link Layer Protocols (Layer 2)

Ethernet: A widely used LAN protocol for wired networking.
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11): Wireless networking protocol.
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): Used for direct connections between two nodes (e.g., dial-up, DSL).
Frame Relay: A WAN protocol used for connecting devices in a network.
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): A bit-oriented protocol used in point-to-point communication.
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A data-carrying mechanism that routes traffic based on labels.

5. Physical Layer Protocols (Layer 1)

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): High-speed internet connection over telephone lines.
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3): Defines physical cables (e.g., twisted pair cables) for Ethernet communication.
Fiber Optic (e.g., SFP, TOSA/ROSA): Used in high-speed optical networks.
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11): Defines radio frequencies for wireless communication.

6. Security Protocols

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security): Encryption protocols used to secure communications.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security): A suite of protocols used for securing IP communication through encryption and authentication.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): Protocols like PPTP, L2TP, and OpenVPN used for secure communication over public networks.
Kerberos: A network authentication protocol that provides secure, single sign-on access to services.

7. Routing Protocols

RIP (Routing Information Protocol): An old and simple distance-vector routing protocol.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A link-state routing protocol used in large networks.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A path-vector protocol used for routing between different autonomous systems (inter-domain routing).
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): A Cisco proprietary routing protocol.
IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System): A link-state routing protocol.

8. File Sharing and Access Protocols

SMB (Server Message Block): A network file sharing protocol used by Windows.
NFS (Network File System): A file sharing protocol for Unix and Linux systems.
AFP (Apple Filing Protocol): A file-sharing protocol used in macOS.

9. Multicast Protocols

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): Used for managing multicast groups.
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast): A multicast routing protocol.
MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery): IPv6’s version of IGMP for multicast group management.

10. Wireless Networking Protocols

Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11): The standard for wireless LANs.
Bluetooth: A short-range wireless communication protocol for devices like phones and computers.
Zigbee: A low-power, low-data rate wireless communication standard, often used in IoT.

11. Miscellaneous Protocols

NTP (Network Time Protocol): Used for synchronizing the clocks of devices across a network.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A protocol used for routing data between different networks, especially in the internet backbone.
DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol): A transport layer protocol for congestion control in applications that require UDP-like performance.
MPTCP (Multipath TCP): Extends TCP to allow multiple paths between two devices.

This list covers the most common network protocols across the various layers of the OSI model and other areas like routing, security, file sharing, and wireless communication.

Here’s a list of common network port numbers that correspond to various protocols, categorized by service and purpose. Port numbers are typically divided into three ranges: Well-Known Ports (0-1023), Registered Ports (1024-49151), and Dynamic/Private Ports (49152-65535).

1. Well-Known Ports (0–1023)

These are reserved ports, commonly used by system processes or applications that require root or administrative privileges.

Port Number	Protocol	Service Name
20	TCP	FTP Data
21	TCP	FTP Control
22	TCP	SSH (Secure Shell)
23	TCP	Telnet
25	TCP	SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
53	TCP/UDP	DNS (Domain Name System)
67	UDP	DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
68	UDP	DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – Client)
69	UDP	TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
80	TCP	HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
110	TCP	POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
119	TCP	NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
123	UDP	NTP (Network Time Protocol)
143	TCP	IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
161	UDP	SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
162	UDP	SNMP Trap
443	TCP	HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
445	TCP	Microsoft-DS (Active Directory, SMB over TCP)
514	UDP	Syslog
587	TCP	SMTP (Secure Submission)
631	TCP	IPP (Internet Printing Protocol)
993	TCP	IMAPS (IMAP Secure)
995	TCP	POP3S (POP3 Secure)
1080	TCP	SOCKS Proxy
1433	TCP	Microsoft SQL Server
1434	UDP	Microsoft SQL Monitor
1512	TCP	WINS (Windows Internet Name Service)
1616	TCP	SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
1645	UDP	RADIUS (Old version)
1646	UDP	RADIUS Accounting (Old version)
1701	UDP	L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)
1723	TCP	PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1812	UDP	RADIUS (Authentication)
1813	UDP	RADIUS (Accounting)
2049	TCP/UDP	NFS (Network File System)
3306	TCP	MySQL Database
3389	TCP	RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
5432	TCP	PostgreSQL
5900	TCP	VNC (Virtual Network Computing)
6379	TCP	Redis Database
6660-6669	TCP	IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
8080	TCP	HTTP Alternate (Proxy/Relay)

2. Registered Ports (1024–49151)

These ports are not as strictly reserved as Well-Known Ports but are registered with IANA for use by specific services or applications.

Port Number	Protocol	Service Name
1025	TCP	NFS (Portmapper)
1433	TCP	Microsoft SQL Server
1434	UDP	Microsoft SQL Monitor
1723	TCP	PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
3306	TCP	MySQL Database
5432	TCP	PostgreSQL
5900	TCP	VNC
8080	TCP	HTTP Alternate (Proxy)
10000	TCP	Webmin (System Administration)

3. Dynamic or Private Ports (49152–65535)

These ports are dynamically allocated by the operating system for client-side applications, used for temporary connections. They are often referred to as ephemeral ports.

49152–65535: The range for dynamic or ephemeral ports, assigned dynamically by the OS for outbound connections.

Commonly Used Application-Specific Ports

3389: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
1521: Oracle Database
6660-6669: IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
27017: MongoDB
8080: Web Proxy/Alternate HTTP Port
9000: PHP-FPM, SonarQube
11211: Memcached
27015: Steam gaming servers
5000: UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)

Other Notable Protocol Ports

69: TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
25: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
53: DNS (Domain Name System)

These ports are often assigned for specific services to help ensure that clients can always connect to a service regardless of location or configuration. For security reasons, many firewalls restrict access to well-known ports unless specifically needed.

Port Numbers for Popular Services

Web:
- HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), HTTP Alternate (8080)
Email:
- SMTP (25), POP3 (110), IMAP (143)
Remote Access:
- SSH (22), Telnet (23), RDP (3389)
File Transfer:
- FTP (21), TFTP (69)
Database:
- MySQL (3306), PostgreSQL (5432), Microsoft SQL Server (1433)

Email Service All Port No

Here’s a list of email-related port numbers, along with the protocols they correspond to. These ports are used for sending, receiving, and managing email, both securely and non-securely.

Common Email Port Numbers

Port Number	Protocol	Service Name / Description
25	SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Used for sending email between servers, often blocked by ISPs for outgoing mail to reduce spam)
465	SMTP Secure (SMTPS)	Secure version of SMTP, typically used for sending email over SSL/TLS encryption
587	SMTP (Submission)	SMTP Submission – Secure SMTP used by email clients to send emails securely to mail servers (with STARTTLS or SSL/TLS)
110	POP3	Post Office Protocol 3 – Used to retrieve emails from a mail server (non-encrypted by default)
995	POP3S	Secure version of POP3 (POP3 over SSL/TLS)
143	IMAP	Internet Message Access Protocol – Used to retrieve and store emails from the server, allows multiple devices to access email (non-encrypted by default)
993	IMAPS	Secure version of IMAP (IMAP over SSL/TLS)
220	SMTP	SMTP Greeting (This is the initial connection message from the SMTP server when starting communication)
421	SMTP	SMTP Service not available (Temporary failure response)
587	SMTP	SMTP Submission (Client-to-server submission for sending email securely)
465	SMTPS	SMTP Secure (SSL) (Older method for secure email submission)

Email Protocols in Detail

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
- Port 25 is traditionally used for sending email from one mail server to another.
- Port 587 is used for email submission from a client (like Outlook or Thunderbird) to a mail server, with STARTTLS encryption.
- Port 465 was historically used for SMTP over SSL/TLS, but is now considered deprecated, and many modern systems use port 587 with STARTTLS instead.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3):
- Port 110 is used by POP3 for receiving email. It allows the client to download email from the mail server and typically deletes the messages from the server after they are downloaded (unless specified otherwise).
- Port 995 is used for POP3S, the secure version of POP3, which uses SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol):
- Port 143 is used by IMAP for receiving and managing email. Unlike POP3, IMAP allows email to be stored on the server, and multiple clients can access the same email box (with the state of messages synchronized).
- Port 993 is used for IMAPS, the secure version of IMAP, using SSL/TLS encryption for secure communication.

Other Email Ports

2525: Some mail servers (especially for submission) use port 2525 for SMTP submission, especially when port 25 is blocked by ISPs to prevent spam.
587: SMTP Submission (Client to Server), encrypted using STARTTLS.
110: POP3 (non-secure version).
995: POP3S (Secure POP3 over SSL).
143: IMAP (non-secure version).
993: IMAPS (Secure IMAP over SSL).

Summary of Common Email Ports

Port	Protocol	Description
25	SMTP	Email sending between servers (unsecured, often blocked by ISPs for outgoing email)
587	SMTP (Submission)	Email client to server for sending (STARTTLS)
465	SMTP (SMTPS)	Secure email submission (SSL/TLS) (Deprecated in favor of 587)
110	POP3	Email retrieval (non-secure)
995	POP3S	Secure POP3 (SSL/TLS)
143	IMAP	Email retrieval and management (non-secure)
993	IMAPS	Secure IMAP (SSL/TLS)

These are the primary ports used for email-related services, ensuring that email can be sent and received securely and efficiently. Depending on the provider or system, encryption and security standards (such as STARTTLS or SSL/TLS) are increasingly used to protect email communications.

All Database Port No

Database Port Numbers for Specific Services

Many databases allow configuration of custom ports or use ports for specific services such as replication, clustering, and management interfaces. Here’s a breakdown of common port usage for database-related services.

MySQL/MariaDB Ports

3306: Default port for MySQL and MariaDB database servers.
33060: MySQL X Protocol (used for NoSQL and JSON data queries, in addition to SQL queries).

PostgreSQL Ports

5432: Default port for PostgreSQL.
5433: PostgreSQL replication port (used for standby servers in a replication setup).
5000: Sometimes used for PostgreSQL replication (typically in custom configurations).

Microsoft SQL Server Ports

1433: Default port for Microsoft SQL Server.
1434: SQL Server Browser Service (UDP) for resolving dynamic ports used by SQL Server instances.

Oracle Database Ports

1521: Default port for Oracle Database (SQL*Net).
2483: Oracle SQL*Net (non-secure).
2484: Oracle SQL*Net (secure with SSL/TLS).
1158: Oracle Web Listener port.

MongoDB Ports

27017: Default port for MongoDB.
27018: MongoDB Sharded Cluster.
27019: Used by MongoDB for replication (secondary member communication).

Cassandra Ports

7000: Cassandra internal communication between nodes (non-SSL).
7001: Cassandra internal communication with SSL enabled.
7199: Cassandra JMX (Java Management Extensions) for monitoring and management.

Redis Port

6379: Default port for Redis database (in-memory key-value store).
6380: Redis server with SSL/TLS encryption.

IBM DB2 Ports

50000: Default port for IBM DB2 database communication.

Database Management and Monitoring Ports

8080: Apache Tomcat, often used in conjunction with web applications that interact with databases.
9000: Used by SonarQube for database interaction and reporting.
9092: Default port for Apache Kafka (used as a distributed event streaming platform which might interact with databases).

Summary of Common Database Ports

Port Number	Database	Description
3306	MySQL, MariaDB	Default port for MySQL and MariaDB
5432	PostgreSQL	Default port for PostgreSQL
1433	Microsoft SQL Server	Default port for Microsoft SQL Server
1521	Oracle Database	Default port for Oracle Database
27017	MongoDB	Default port for MongoDB database
11211	Memcached	Port for Memcached (distributed caching system)
50000	IBM DB2	Default port for IBM DB2
50000	SAP HANA	Port for SAP HANA Database
1527	InterBase	Default port for InterBase
9092	Apache Kafka	Default port for Kafka

These ports are critical for database connectivity, management, and optimization, enabling different applications and services to interact with database systems effectively.